General Defences in Tort to Avoid Tortious Liability & Case Laws

General Defences in Law of Torts

General defences in Tort are usually available to tortfeasors (defendant) by virtue of facts & circumstances. Upon bringing a lawsuit by plaintiff, the defendant is usually held liable for a tort committed by him, provided there exists all the essential ingredients required for the wrong.  However, the jurisprudence offers certain defenses to the defendant that … Read more

[Updated] Baggage Rules 2016 Explained- A Definitive Guide for Travellers to India!

Customs Baggage Rules, India and Travellers Guide

India Customs Baggage Rules is the set of guidelines that governs importation of baggage of passengers travelling to India. These Rules set out free allowances and restrictions and upon violated other laws for high duty rates and penal actions come into play. Latest Baggage Rules in force, cover the commuters of all genre, be it … Read more

Preventive Officer in CBEC 2015- The Community Once Alive & Vibrant (Missing Things Fixed)!

It pained me to see that certain identity attributes of Preventive Officer in CBEC 2015 which was once a vibrant FB Community are missing. One such attributes was the site URL used in the ABOUT section of this FB page. The Community page uses cbec.gov.in/htdocs-cbec/deptt_offcr/cgle/cgle as one of its identity dimensions under the about section. … Read more

Transfer Pricing Manipulation (TPM)- A Tool for Tax Evasion & Capital Flight

All About TPM (Transfer Pricing Manipulation)

Transfer Pricing Manipulation (TPM) is about setting artificial pricing over the goods and services in a related party transaction. The aim behind this mispricing or fraudulent pricing is to avoid tax incidences and maximize profits for the MNC. Indulging into TPM by the multinationals is a serious menace faced by economies across boundaries. Transfer Mispricing … Read more

Customs Valuation (Determination of Value of Imported Goods) Rules, 2007- Instructions

INSTRUCTIONS on Customs Valuation (Determination of Value of Imported Goods) Rules, 2007 was issued in the aftermath of  said Rules having been notified. Idea was to spread awareness on the new version CVR, changes introduced and implications that it brought along. The Basic objective behind any instruction issued from CBIC  (earlier CBEC ) is to … Read more

Customs Valuation (Determination of Price of Imported Goods) Rules, 1988

Commonly Known as CVR (Import) 1988 is reproduced below. The Rules played the major guiding principle in assessment of Imported goods prior to the CVR (Import) 2007 was notified. ****************** [ M.F. (D.R.) Notification No. 51/88-Cus.(N.T.), Dated 18th July, 1988 as amended by Notifications No. 53/88-Cus (N.T.), dated 10-08-1988; No. 71/89-Cus. (N.T.) 19-12.1989; No.39/90-Cus. (N.T.), … Read more